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''Humanum Genus Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on Freemasonry'',〔http://w2.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_18840420_humanum-genus.html "Humanum Genus Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on Freemasonry". April 20, 1884.〕 or more simply referred to as ''Humanum Genus'', is a papal encyclical promulgated on April 20, 1884, by Pope Leo XIII. Released in the ascent of the industrial age, Marxism and the aftermath of the September 20, 1870 Capture of Rome by the Kingdom of Italy military forces from the Papal States, the ''Humanum Genus'' is a reactionary pronouncement principally condemning Freemasonry by stating that the late 19th Century was a dangerous era for the Roman Catholic Church, largely due to numerous concepts and practices attributed to Freemasonry in this encyclical, such as naturalism (essentially equal rights), popular sovereignty (government elected by the people) and the separation of church and state. Some of the strictures found in the ''Humanum Genus'' still remain in force today. ==Historical circumstances== Following the French withdraw of its military garrison in Rome in the anticipation of the Franco-Prussian War, the 1870 Capture of Rome itself was a major battle within the long process of Italian unification known as the Risorgimento,〔See Timeline of Italian unification.〕 marking the final military defeat of the Papal States under Pope Pius IX by the Kingdom of Italy. This unification of the Italian peninsula by King Victor Emmanuel II of the House of Savoy ended the approximate 1,116 year temporal reign (754 to 1870 CE) of the Papal States by the papacy〔http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14257a.htm Schnürer, G. (1912). States of the Church. In The Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved October 14, 2015 from New Advent.〕 The ''Humanum Genus'' encyclical asserted that the late 19th century was a time of particular danger for Roman Catholics as the "partisans of evil" were now far more open, as evidenced by the new openness of Freemasonry. Freemasonry had been condemned by previous Popes as being contrary to Catholic doctrine, but according to the ''Humanum Gensus'' encyclical, the nature of Freemasonry was changing as Freemasons were now far more open in society their practices and affiliations. ''Humanum Genus'' specifically condemned certain practices of the Freemasons, such as: religious indifference;〔〔"Again, as all who offer themselves are received whatever may be their form of religion, they thereby teach the great error of this age—that a regard for religion should be held as an indifferent matter, and that all religions are alike." Paragraph 16, (''Humanum Genus'' )〕 the promotion of public education which denied the Church's role and where "the education of youth shall be exclusively in the hands of laymen";〔〔"With the greatest unanimity the sect of the Freemasons also endeavors to take to itself the education of youth. They think that they can easily mold to their opinions that soft and pliant age, and bend it whither they will; and that nothing can be more fitted than this to enable them to bring up the youth of the State after their own plan. Therefore, in the education and instruction of children they allow no share, either of teaching or of discipline, to the ministers of the Church; and in many places they have procured that the education of youth shall be exclusively in the hands of laymen, and that nothing which treats of the most important and most holy duties of men to God shall be introduced into the instructions on morals." Paragraph 21, (''Humanum Genus, Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on Freemasonry'' )〕 the approval of the notion that the people are the ''only'' source of sovereignty, and that "those who rule have no authority but by the commission and concession of the people.〔http://w2.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_18840420_humanum-genus.html "Humanum Genus, Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on Freemasonry">〕 The Holy See has forbidden Roman Catholics from becoming Freemasons since 1738 with the issuing of the papal bull ''In eminenti''. This prohibition remains in effect today. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Humanum genus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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